Technology and remote work — French B1/B2
Technologies, numérique et travail à distanceTechnology, going digital and remote work
What you will be able to do
- Discuss the rollout of digital tools and AI at work in French — make a case, raise objections and set conditions.
- Build the French passive in every tense and mood, with participle agreement and the right preposition before the agent (par / de) — the two places where the English and French passives part company.
- Choose deliberately between the passive, « on » and the pronominal form, instead of translating an English passive word for word — and never produce *je suis dit for “I was told”.
- Use se faire / se voir + infinitive, the French counterpart of the English get-passive (he got hacked, she got refused access).
- Master data-protection and remote-work vocabulary — GDPR, encryption, hosting, monitoring, the right to disconnect — and write a work email in that register.
Dialogue — “We're assured that…” — a meeting about rolling out an AI assistant
Vocabulary
| Français | English |
|---|---|
| le numérique | digital technology; the digital world or sectora noun here: les métiers du numérique = digital/IT jobs. As an adjective it means “digital”: une signature numérique. It never means “numerical”. |
| le télétravail | remote work, working from hometélétravailler (verb), un télétravailleur / une télétravailleuse; être en télétravail = to be working remotely. This is the legal term — French does not say “le home office”. |
| la visioconférence | video conference, video callin speech almost always shortened to “la visio”: on se voit en visio. |
| déployer | to roll out, to deploy (software, a tool)le déploiement = the rollout; future: on déploiera. Wider than English “deploy”: on déploie aussi des efforts, des moyens. |
| le prestataire | supplier, external contractor, service providerfalse friend: nothing to do with “prestige”, and une prestation is a service delivered or a performance, not a “presentation”. Common: un prestataire externe. |
| les données (f. pl.) | datafeminine and effectively always plural, so everything around it agrees in the plural: les données personnelles sont stockées. English treats “data” as an uncountable singular (“the data is stored”) — French never does. |
| traiter des données | to process datahence “le traitement des données” = data processing, the standard GDPR term. Note traiter quelqu'un de menteur = to call someone a liar. |
| le chiffrement | encryptionun chiffrement de bout en bout = end-to-end encryption. Say chiffrement rather than the anglicism “encryptage”. |
| chiffrer | to encryptcareful: chiffrer also means to cost out, to put a figure on (chiffrer un devis). To decrypt = déchiffrer. |
| la sauvegarde | a backupfalse friend: it looks like “safeguard”, but in IT it is a backup. sauvegarder un fichier = to save a file. |
| le mot de passe | passwordplural: des mots de passe (only “mot” takes the s); un gestionnaire de mots de passe = a password manager. |
| la mise en production | go-live, deployment to the live environmentverb: mettre en production; IT slang shortens it to “la prod”. |
| l'hébergement (m.) | hosting; storage (of data, of a website)un hébergeur = a hosting provider. |
| héberger | to host, to store on a serverthe same verb means to put someone up for the night — context decides. |
| le mouchard | a snitch, an informer; in IT: spyware, a tracking programcolloquial and openly pejorative — the perfect word when arguing against employee monitoring. |
| le dispositif | a system, a scheme, a set-up, a set of measuresfalse friend: rarely a “device” in the gadget sense. un dispositif de surveillance = a monitoring system; un dispositif législatif = a body of legal provisions. |
| la surveillance | monitoring, supervision, surveillancemuch broader and less sinister than the English word: surveiller un examen = to invigilate an exam; être sous surveillance = to be under observation. |
| le suivi d'activité | activity tracking, employee monitoring“le suivi” on its own = follow-up, ongoing tracking: assurer le suivi d'un dossier = to see a case through. |
| la vie privée | privacy; private life“le respect de la vie privée” = respect for privacy, a fixed legal phrase. French has no single noun for “privacy”. |
| le RGPD | GDPRRèglement général sur la protection des données — the very same regulation, just the French acronym; spelled out letter by letter: èrre-gé-pé-dé. |
| l'intelligence artificielle (f.) | artificial intelligencethe short form “l'IA” (pronounced i-a) is just as common as the full phrase. |
| une faille de sécurité | a security flaw, a vulnerabilitycombler une faille = to patch a hole. Une faille is also a geological fault line. |
| le piratage | hacking, a break-in; also piracy (of content)pirater un compte = to hack an account; un pirate informatique = a hacker — formal French avoids the borrowing “hacker”. |
| le journal de connexion | a connection logFrench prefers this to the English “log”; plural: des journaux de connexion. Un journal is also a newspaper — a private diary is un journal intime. |
| la charge mentale | mental load — the constant background effort of carrying tasks in your heada very current term in French debate about remote work and unpaid domestic work; English has borrowed the same phrase from the same discussion. |
| le fuseau horaire | time zoneuseful in distributed teams: on n'est pas dans le même fuseau horaire. |
| la panne | a breakdown, an outage, a failureêtre en panne = to be down, out of order; tomber en panne = to break down; une panne de courant = a power cut. |
| paramétrer | to configure, to set up (options)les paramètres = the settings. Watch the accent shift in the conjugation: je paramètre, ça se paramètre, but nous paramétrons. |
| l'interface (f.) | interfaceFEMININE, which English speakers regularly get wrong: une interface intuitive. |
| le compte rendu | minutes, a written report (of a meeting)plural: des comptes rendus; faire le compte rendu d'une réunion = to write up the minutes. |
Expressions and collocations
| Expression | Meaning |
|---|---|
| faire une réunion en visio | to hold a meeting online, over video — “la visio” is the everyday short form of “visioconférence”; almost nobody says the full word out loud |
| travailler en présentiel | to work on site, in person, in the office (opposite: à distance) — English has no one-word equivalent, but « présentiel » is now completely standard in French |
| avoir voix au chapitre | to have a say, to have real input into a decision — note: no article before “voix” |
| lire un document en diagonale | to skim a document, to read it superficially, to give it a once-over |
| avoir quelque chose noir sur blanc | to have something in black and white, in writing — the same image as in English |
| un chiffrement de bout en bout | end-to-end encryption (literally: from one end to the other) |
| le droit à la déconnexion | the right to disconnect after working hours — a genuine provision of French employment law, not a slogan |
| la fracture numérique | the digital divide, the gap between those who cope with technology and everyone else — French says “fracture” where English says “divide”; don't translate it literally either way |
| Mon ordinateur a planté. | My computer crashed / froze. (“planter” is the everyday verb for hardware and software giving up — nothing to do with planting) |
| être scotché à son écran | to be glued to your screen, unable to look away (“scotch” = sticky tape) |
| prendre la main sur un ordinateur à distance | to take remote control of someone's computer (e.g. the IT department) |
| essuyer les plâtres d'un nouveau logiciel | to be the guinea pig for a half-finished first version — literally “to wipe off the plaster”, i.e. to be the first to live in a building that hasn't dried out yet |
Grammar
The passive and its substitutes: « on » and the pronominal form
Le passif et ses substituts : « on » et la forme pronominale de sens passif
**How it is built — and the good news first.** French être + past participle lines up almost one-for-one with English be + past participle, so the machinery is already familiar: *L'outil est déployé* = “the tool is deployed”. The tense sits on être, never on the participle: *est déployé* (is being rolled out), *a été déployé* (was/has been rolled out), *sera déployé* (will be rolled out), *serait déployé* (would be rolled out). The bad news is the one thing English has no equivalent of: the participle **agrees in gender and number with the subject** — *La décision a été prise*, *Les données sont stockées*, *Elle a été prévenue*. Nothing in your English draft will remind you to do this, so it has to become a deliberate final check. Second trap: in the passé composé you get two participles in a row, *a été prise*, and anglophones routinely drop “été” because English “was taken” only has two pieces. Count the three: a (tense) + été (passive) + prise (the verb, agreeing).
**Naming the agent (le complément d'agent).** The default is **par**, exactly where English uses “by”: *Le rapport a été rédigé par Sonia*. But after verbs of feeling, state or accompaniment (respecter, aimer, apprécier, estimer, connaître, accompagner, suivre, entourer, précéder) French prefers **de**: *Elle est respectée de toute l'équipe*, *un dossier accompagné de trois annexes*. English has one preposition here and French has two, so this is a choice you have to make consciously. More often than not, though, French simply leaves the agent out altogether — an agentless passive is normal, good French, not an evasion.
**The big one: French only passivises DIRECT objects.** English is unusually generous — it lets an indirect object become the subject: “I was told”, “we were asked”, “she was refused access”, “he was given a laptop”, “the team was sent the minutes”. Not one of these has a French passive equivalent, because dire à, demander à, refuser à, donner à, envoyer à, conseiller à, permettre à, téléphoner à all govern an indirect object. The asterisk marks impossible French: *je suis dit, *il est téléphoné, *on m'est demandé, *elle est refusée l'accès. The fix is always the same: **On m'a dit…, On nous a demandé…, On lui a refusé…** Train the reflex — whenever your English sentence begins “I was / we were / she was” with a verb that takes à quelqu'un in French, switch to on. Three verbs are worth memorising as exceptions that do allow a passive: obéir, désobéir and pardonner (*Vous serez pardonné*).
**« On » — the main substitute for the passive.** English “one” is stiff and faintly Edwardian; French « on » is nothing of the kind. It is the ordinary spoken subject and covers “we”, “you”, “they”, “people” and “someone” at once, which is why French reaches for it exactly where English reaches for an agentless passive: *On a annoncé la nouvelle ce matin* is the natural way to say “the news was announced this morning”. Both versions are correct; *La nouvelle a été annoncée* is the more formal, written one, at home in official notices and work emails — which is precisely the register of this unit. One agreement quirk: the verb after on is third-person singular, but adjectives and participles agree with whoever on actually refers to: *On est tous fatigués*, *On a été prévenues*. In everyday speech on also simply replaces nous (*on y va*, not *nous y allons*).
**The pronominal passive, and two constructions English already owns.** *Se* + verb corresponds to the English middle voice, which anglophones use without thinking: *Ce logiciel s'installe en deux clics* = “this software installs in two clicks”; *Ces données ne se conservent pas plus de trente jours* = “this data doesn't keep for more than thirty days”; *Ça ne se dit plus* = “people just don't say that any more”. The subject is normally inanimate and you are describing a property, a rule or a habit — not a one-off event with a known agent. At B2, two further constructions do a lot of work: **se faire + infinitive** (*Il s'est fait pirater son compte*) and **se voir + infinitive** (*Elle s'est vu refuser l'accès*). These are the French get-passive: “he got his account hacked”, “she got refused access” — same nuance of something happening to you, often unpleasantly. Better still, se voir rescues exactly those indirect-object sentences the ordinary passive cannot handle. In both, the participle stays **invariable**: “fait” never agrees before an infinitive, and in *s'est vu refuser* the “se” is an indirect object (something was refused to her), so nothing agrees there either.
**Faux amis in this unit — check every one.** *la direction* = management, the board (not “direction”); *former les équipes* = to train the teams, and *une formation* = a training course (never “formation”); *réclamer* = to call for, to demand (not “reclaim”), while *demander* = to ask, not “to demand” (that is exiger); *un dispositif* = a system, scheme or set of measures, only occasionally a physical device; *un contrôle* = a check or inspection, not “control”; *rester* = to stay, to remain, never “to rest” (se reposer) — *je resterai méfiante*, *je reste à votre disposition*; *la sauvegarde* looks like “safeguard” but means a backup; *chiffrer* = to encrypt and also to cost out, to put a figure on; *assurer* = to assure, but also to insure and to see to something (*assurer le suivi*); *un journal* = a log or a newspaper, never a personal journal (that is un journal intime); *une note* here is a memo, a short written brief; *un poste* = a workstation or a job, not a postal item; *le trimestre* = the business quarter, not a trimester; *un salarié* = an employee. Where French and English genuinely agree, exploit it shamelessly: déployer/deploy, interface, surveillance, dispositif, prestataire, données/data, RGPD/GDPR (literally the same regulation) and the whole Latinate half of the vocabulary list will cost you almost nothing to learn.
| Tense / mood | Active | Passive | English meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Présent | On déploie l'outil. | L'outil est déployé. | The tool is being rolled out. |
| Passé composé | On a déployé l'outil. | L'outil a été déployé. | The tool has been / was rolled out. |
| Imparfait | On déployait l'outil. | L'outil était déployé. | The tool was being rolled out (at the time). |
| Plus-que-parfait | On avait déployé l'outil. | L'outil avait été déployé. | The tool had (already) been rolled out. |
| Futur simple | On déploiera l'outil. | L'outil sera déployé. | The tool will be rolled out. |
| Conditionnel présent | On déploierait l'outil. | L'outil serait déployé. | The tool would be rolled out. |
| Conditionnel passé | On aurait déployé l'outil. | L'outil aurait été déployé. | The tool would (already) have been rolled out. |
| Subjonctif présent | … qu'on déploie l'outil | … que l'outil soit déployé | … that the tool (should) be rolled out |
| Infinitif | déployer l'outil | être déployé | to be rolled out |
Exercise — fill in the gaps
Wpisz poprawną formę i naciśnij Enter — sprawdzi się od razu. Akcenty warto pisać, ale odpowiedź bez nich też zaliczymy (pokażemy poprawny zapis).
Exercise — translate into French
Napisz zdanie po francusku i naciśnij Enter. Dopuszczamy naturalne warianty — liczy się sens i poprawna struktura.
Quiz
“Dire à quelqu'un” takes an INDIRECT object, so the person can never become the subject of a French passive. English “I was told” simply has no same-shaped French version: you must say “On m'a dit…”. *Je suis dit is the single commonest English-speaker error here. Note also the sequence of tenses: after a past main verb, “est annulée” shifts to “était annulée”.
This is the pronominal form with passive meaning — the exact counterpart of the English middle voice (“these programs install in two clicks”), describing a general property rather than one event. The verb agrees with its plural subject: ces logiciels s'installent. “Sont installer” is not French at all: a passive needs the participle, installés.
After verbs of feeling or state (respecter, aimer, apprécier, connaître, accompagner) the agent is introduced by “de”, not “par”. “Par tous” is not wrong, but “respecté de tous” is the established, natural collocation. Never avec or sur — English has one preposition here (“by”), French has two.
“Se faire + infinitive” has a passive meaning with a hint of falling victim to something — exactly the English get-passive: il s'est fait pirater son compte = “he got his account hacked”. The participle “fait” never agrees before an infinitive, and pronominal verbs take être, which rules out *s'a fait.
The expression comes from monastic life: the right to speak during the chapter meeting. Today it means having a genuine say in a matter: on n'a pas eu voix au chapitre = “we weren't consulted, we had no say”. Note there is no article before “voix”.
“Hier soir” points to a completed past event, so you need the passive in the passé composé: être in the passé composé (a été) + participle (envoyé). “Est envoyé” is present, “était envoyé” is background or repetition, and “a envoyé” is active. English “was sent” covers all of these at once, which is exactly why the choice has to be made deliberately in French.
“Lire en diagonale” is reading diagonally across the page — fast and superficial; English says “to skim”. The opposite is “lire attentivement” or “éplucher un contrat”, to go through a contract with a fine-tooth comb.
Pronunciation — say it aloud
Posłuchaj wzoru, potem powiedz zdanie. Mikrofon oceni je słowo po słowie (zielone = dobrze wymówione).
France in practice
Digital France: the CNIL, the right to disconnect and the « PERSONNEL » folder
France regulated personal data long before the GDPR existed. The “Informatique et Libertés” Act of 6 January 1978 created the CNIL (Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés), an independent authority that can still genuinely frighten companies: in January 2019 it fined Google 50 million euros, one of the first major European penalties handed down under the GDPR (in French: le RGPD). In an office conversation you will simply hear « il faut faire une déclaration à la CNIL » or « la CNIL ne laissera jamais passer ça » — the acronym is worth understanding without translating it.
The second French speciality is le droit à la déconnexion, the right to disconnect, written into the Labour Code by the Act of 8 August 2016 (in force since 1 January 2017). Companies with at least 50 employees must negotiate with staff representatives on how digital tools are used outside working hours. In practice: mail servers switched off in the evening, a warning pop-up when you send an email at 11 p.m., a clause in the internal rules stating that nobody is obliged to answer at the weekend. Anglophone practice is looser: the UK and the US have no statutory equivalent at all, Ireland introduced a Code of Practice on the right to disconnect in 2021 (good practice, not a hard obligation), and Ontario has required employers with 25 or more staff to have a written “disconnecting from work” policy since 2022. The cultural consequence in France is concrete: a 9 p.m. email is not evidence of commitment, it is mildly bad manners.
The third point surprises visitors most: files and messages labelled « personnel » are protected. Since the landmark Nikon ruling of the Cour de cassation (2 October 2001), an employer may not open correspondence clearly marked as private, even on company equipment; everything else is presumed to be work-related and may be inspected. Hence the very French habit of creating a folder called « PERSONNEL » on the company drive. In the same spirit, any dispositif de surveillance (a camera, activity monitoring) has to be announced to staff in advance — evidence gathered in secret is normally worth nothing in court. Compare this with the US, where monitoring company-owned equipment is broadly lawful and employees have little expectation of privacy on it.
Remote work itself was given a framework by the cross-industry agreement (ANI) of 26 November 2020, negotiated after the first lockdown: télétravail should as a rule be voluntary and based on agreement between both sides. And one last detail that explains part of France's digital pride: long before the internet went mainstream, France had Minitel, a state-run terminal network present in millions of homes from the 1980s, finally switched off on 30 June 2012.
One social rule has no English equivalent and you have to decide on it in every sentence: tu or vous. In the meeting above the three colleagues use tu with each other (« Attends », « tu veux dire », « Dis-leur »), while Yanis says « je peux vous rassurer » because there he is addressing two people. Vous is either a plural you, or a single person you keep at a professional distance. Tech teams, startups and younger offices tutoient almost from day one; law firms, banks, public administration, and anyone clearly senior to you stay at vous, sometimes for years. You do not switch on your own initiative — the more senior person offers it (« on peut se tutoyer ? »). Any email going out of your team, such as the one to HR in the final task, stays at vous and ends with Cordialement. When in doubt, vous is the safe default.
Reading — real history
Stellantis, ou la fin annoncée du télétravail qui n'a pas eu lieu
Wiosną 2026 koncern Stellantis kazał ponad 20 tysiącom pracowników wrócić do biur na pięć dni — a pod koniec czerwca się wycofał. Zobacz, kto naprawdę wygrał ten spór.
Le 12 mars 2026, plus de 20 000 employés de bureau de Stellantis ont appris la même nouvelle : leur télétravail allait disparaître. Le constructeur automobile — Peugeot, Citroën, Fiat, Jeep — voulait ramener sur site cinq jours par semaine environ 8 500 salariés en France, 8 000 en Italie et 5 400 en Allemagne, d'ici 2027. Aux États-Unis, la date était déjà fixée : le 30 mars.
La direction a parlé d'une « priorité stratégique ». Le groupe traversait une mauvaise période et ses dirigeants étaient persuadés que les bonnes idées naissent dans les couloirs, pendant les réunions qu'on n'a pas organisées. Selon eux, une équipe dispersée décide plus lentement, et la lenteur coûte cher.
Les salariés ne l'ont pas entendu ainsi. Un sondage du syndicat CFE-CGC a montré que 90 % des personnes interrogées refusaient le retour complet au bureau. Leurs arguments étaient très concrets : les trajets, la garde des enfants, les déménagements décidés en 2021, quand tout le monde croyait que la distance ne comptait plus.
Fin juin, après trois mois de tension, Stellantis a reculé. Deux jours de télétravail par semaine restent possibles. L'entreprise n'a pas vraiment expliqué son revirement, mais le signal est clair : en Europe, une politique de présence ne s'annonce plus, elle se négocie.
Ce recul éclaire un malentendu plus large. Les journaux annoncent « la fin du télétravail » depuis trois ans, alors que les chiffres disent autre chose. D'après une enquête de l'Apec menée en décembre 2025 auprès de 2 000 cadres et 1 000 entreprises, 89 % des employeurs n'avaient rien modifié, et 94 % ne prévoyaient aucun changement pour 2026. Ce qui bouge, c'est la moyenne : environ 1,5 jour par semaine il y a trois ans, 1,3 aujourd'hui.
Il faut pourtant rappeler qui participe à ce débat. En France, un salarié sur cinq seulement peut télétravailler. Les autres — ouvriers, caissières, aides-soignantes, agents de sécurité — n'ont jamais eu le choix. À l'hôpital, à peine 5 % du personnel est concerné. La bataille des jours à la maison est donc celle d'une minorité plutôt diplômée et plutôt urbaine.
Reste la question que personne ne tranche : combien cela coûte vraiment. Un mètre carré de bureau se paie environ 450 euros par an en Île-de-France, et plus de la moitié des télétravailleurs gagnent plus d'une heure de transport par jour. Les entreprises publient rarement ce calcul. Tant qu'elles ne le feront pas, chaque retour au bureau ressemblera moins à une décision économique qu'à un acte d'autorité.
Key vocabulary
- un constructeur automobile — producent samochodów
- le télétravail — praca zdalna
- sur site — na miejscu, w siedzibie firmy
- un employé de bureau — pracownik biurowy
- la direction — zarząd, kierownictwo
- un syndicat — związek zawodowy
- un sondage — sondaż, ankieta
- un trajet — dojazd, droga do pracy
- la garde des enfants — opieka nad dziećmi
- un déménagement — przeprowadzka
- reculer — wycofać się, ustąpić
- un revirement — zwrot, nagła zmiana stanowiska
- une enquête — badanie, sondaż
- prévoir — przewidywać, planować
- une aide-soignante — opiekunka medyczna, salowa
- un agent de sécurité — pracownik ochrony
- trancher (une question) — rozstrzygnąć (kwestię)
Check how much you understood. Click the answer.
Zarząd nazwał powrót do biur „priorytetem strategicznym" w trudnym dla grupy okresie i twierdził, że dobre pomysły rodzą się w korytarzach i na nieplanowanych spotkaniach. Koszt pustych biur ani przepisy nie pojawiają się w tekście jako powód.
Po trzech miesiącach napięć i mobilizacji związkowej firma się wycofała. Ankieta CFE-CGC pokazała, że 90% badanych odrzucało pełny powrót do biura. Ani sąd, ani ceny nieruchomości nie odegrały tu roli.
Prasa od trzech lat ogłasza „koniec pracy zdalnej", ale 89% firm niczego nie zmieniło, a 94% nie planowało zmian na 2026. Spada jedynie średnia liczba dni, i to powoli.
We Francji tylko jeden pracownik na pięciu może w ogóle pracować zdalnie. Robotnicy, kasjerki, opiekunki medyczne czy ochroniarze nigdy nie mieli wyboru — w szpitalach dotyczy to ledwie 5% personelu.
Tekst kończy się uwagą, że firmy rzadko publikują rzetelny rachunek kosztów: metr biura w regionie paryskim to około 450 euro rocznie, a ponad połowa telepracowników zyskuje ponad godzinę dziennie mniej dojazdu. Bez tego rachunku powrót do biura wygląda na decyzję władzy, nie ekonomii.
Talk about it
- W Polsce praca zdalna została wpisana do Kodeksu pracy w 2023 roku. Czy Twoim zdaniem polski pracodawca mógłby dziś ogłosić — tak jak Stellantis — powrót do biura na pięć dni, i czy spotkałby się z podobnym oporem?
- Tekst pokazuje, że spór o pracę zdalną toczy jedna piąta zatrudnionych. Czy w Polsce widać podobny podział między pracownikami biurowymi a tymi, którzy muszą być na miejscu? Jak to wpływa na atmosferę w firmach i na debatę publiczną?
- Gdyby Twój pracodawca zabrał Ci dwa dni pracy zdalnej, ale podniósł pensję o 10%, przyjął(a)byś tę zamianę? Jak wyceniasz godzinę dojazdu?
Final task — an email opposing a monitoring tool for remote workers
SITUATION: your company wants to install an activity-tracking tool (« suivi d'activité ») on the computers of everyone working remotely: a screenshot every ten minutes and a keystroke counter. As a member of the team, you write an email in French to HR (la direction des ressources humaines). WHAT TO WRITE (150–200 words): 1) A polite opening referring to the announcement of the project (e.g. « Le projet nous a été présenté lors de la réunion du 12 mars… »). 2) Three arguments against: LEGAL — the duty to inform staff in advance, le RGPD, the role of the CNIL; HUMAN — trust, la charge mentale, le droit à la déconnexion; PRACTICAL — it measures activity, not results. 3) A concrete alternative: measurable objectives, a weekly check-in en visio, a clear definition of the hours you are expected to be available. 4) A sign-off: « Je reste à votre disposition pour en discuter. Cordialement, … » — and vous throughout: this is an email to a department, never tu. LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS (tick them off one by one before you “send”): - at least 4 correct passive forms in DIFFERENT tenses or moods (e.g. a été annoncé, sera déployé, doit être informé, que le dispositif soit encadré) — and check the participle agrees with its subject every single time, since English gives you no prompt to do so; - at least 2 sentences with « on » where English would use an agentless passive (“we were told”, “it was announced”); - at least 2 pronominal forms with passive meaning, the equivalent of the English middle voice (ça se vérifie, ces choses-là ne se décident pas, la confiance ne se mesure pas); - at least 8 words from the vocabulary list and 2 items from the expressions section; - NOT ONE instance of *je suis dit, *il est téléphoné, *on m'est demandé — if a sentence in your head starts “I was told / we were asked / she was refused”, rebuild it with on or se voir. SPOKEN VARIANT (3 minutes, in pairs): act out the meeting. Person A defends the tool (data security, a fair share of the workload, proof of work for the client); person B is against and must use the passive three times plus one « se voir refuser » or « se faire + infinitive ». Record yourself on your phone and listen back: does the participle really agree with the subject (elle a été prévenue, les données ont été effacées)?